CIRCULAR

PROMULGATION OF NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON ENVIRONMENT

Pursuant to the Law on Technical Regulations and Standards dated June 29, 2006;

Pursuant to the Law on Environmental Protection dated June 23, 2014;

Pursuant to the Government's Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Technical Regulations and Standards;

Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No. 21/2013/ND-CP dated March 04, 2013 defining Functions, Tasks, Powers and Organizational Structure of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment;

At the request of Director General of the Vietnam Environment Administration, Director of the Department of Science and Technology, and Director of the Legal Department;

Minister of Natural Resources and Environment promulgates this Circular to introduce National technical regulation on environment.

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Article 2. This Circular shall come into force as from May 01, 2016.

Article 3. Director General of the Vietnam Environment Administration, heads of agencies affiliated to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Directors of Departments of Natural Resources and Environment of provinces or central-affiliated cities, and relevant organizations and individuals shall implement this Circular./.

MINISTER




Nguyen Minh Quang

QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR

Foreword

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NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Scope

This Regulation provides technical requirements for domestic solid waste incinerators and maximum allowable values of parameters of pollutants in emissions of domestic solid waste incinerators.

1.2. Regulated entities

This Regulation shall apply to organizations and individuals that manufacture, import, trade (or distribute) and use domestic solid waste incinerators in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; environment regulatory agencies and other organizations and individuals involved.

1.3. Interpretation of terms

For the purposes of this Regulation, these terms are construed as below:

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1.3.2. “domestic solid waste incinerator" refers to a system which is used for treatment of domestic solid waste by burning and equipped with flue gas control system.

1.3.3. “combustion chamber” is the place where DSW shall be incinerated by high temperature. It consists of:

a) “primary combustion chamber” refers the place where DSW is combusted and reduced into gaseous and solid products (slag, dust);

b) “secondary combustion chamber” refers to the place where non-combusted gases leaving the primary combustion chamber shall be completely combusted.

1.3.4. “retention time” is the length of time that the flue gas moves from the entry point to the exit point of the secondary combustion chamber at the temperature prescribed in the Schedule 1 of this Regulation.

1.3.5. “flue gas” refers to the mixture of material matters emitted into the air environment from the DSW incinerator.

1.3.6. “slag” refers to residual solid materials from combustion processes in the DSW incinerator.

1.3.7. “incinerator capacity” refers to the handling ability of a DSW incinerator which is calculated by the maximum weight of DSW fed into the incinerator per hour (kg/h).

1.3.8. “normal cubic meter (Nm³)” refers to a cubic meter of flue gas at a temperature of 25^oC and an absolute pressure of 760 mmHg.

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2.1. Basic technical requirements for DSW incinerators

2.1.1. DSW incinerator must operate in the principle of multiple-level combustion and be comprised of both primary and secondary combustion chambers. Combustion chamber volume, capacity and retention time of DSW incinerator are determined according to guidance in the Appendix enclosed herewith.

2.1.2. There are measures available to prevent flue gas released into the air through the waste intake gate of the DSW incinerator. 

2.1.3. Chimney of a DSE incinerator must satisfy the following requirements:

a) Chimney height must be logically designed so as to satisfy all requirements on ambient air quality when flue gas is released into the air environment provided that it shall not be less than 20m above the ground level. Within 40m measured from the base of the chimney, if there is a fixed obstacle influencing the release of flue gas, the height of the chimney must be at least 03m higher than the top of that obstacle;

b) The flue gas sampling porthole on the chimney must be 90 mm - 110 mm in diameter or width of each dimension, covered by a cap for adjusting the opening level; working platform must be safe and convenient for access and sampling. Sampling porthole must be located between the following locations:

- Lower bound: At a distance of at least 08 times the greatest inner diameter of the chimney above the highest point of the joint between the chimney and the pipe of the flue gas control system; - Upper bound: At a distance of at least 02 times the greatest inner diameter of the chimney below the chimney flue.

2.1.4. Under normal operating conditions, basic technical parameters of a DSW incinerator must comply with the values prescribed in the Schedule 1 of this Regulation.

Schedule 1. Basic technical parameters of a DSW incinerator

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Parameter

Measurement unit

Required value

1

Capacity of the DSW incinerator ⁽¹⁾

kg/h

≥ 300

2

Temperature at the primary combustion chamber ⁽²⁾

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≥ 400

3

Temperature at the secondary combustion chamber

⁰C

≥ 950

4

Retention time

s

≥ 2

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Temperature of flue gas (measured at the sampling porthole)

⁰C

≤ 180

6

Residual oxygen (measured at the sampling porthole)

%

6 - 15

7

Temperature at the outside of the DSW incinerator (or the thermal barrier coating)

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≤ 60

8

Uninterrupted operation ability (while mechanical stability and technical parameters are ensured) ⁽³⁾

h

≥ 72

Notes:

 ⁽¹⁾ Capacity of 300 kg/h is equivalent to the minimum volume of the primary combustion chamber is 2.4 m³.

 ⁽²⁾ In special cases (such as anaerobic thermal combustion), the secondary combustion chamber may operate at a temperature of below 400 ^oC provided that trial operation meets requirements specified in Section 2.2 of this Regulation and such operating temperature is certified to meet environmental protection requirements for DSW treatment facilities by a competent authority.

 ⁽³⁾ The assessment of this parameter is applied to the certification of satisfaction of environmental protection requirements by a DSW treatment facility.

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2.1.6. The incinerator must be equipped with the flue gas control system that operates according to the following steps:

a) Cooling (quickly lowering temperature);

b) Dust handling;

c)  Handling hazardous components in flue gas.

The abovementioned steps may be taken on the one equipment or combined equipment parts.

2.1.7. If the distance between the waste intake gate and the farthest point of the secondary combustion chamber is higher than 02m, mechanical equipment must be assembled to intake, mix and blend DSW in the primary combustion chamber (except special technologies) and mechanical system for collecting slag.

2.1.8. The DSW incinerator must be equipped with by-pass valve so as to release flue gas directly to the chimney in case the flue gas control system fails. The bypass valve may be operated by a manual or automatic control switch which is designed at a height suitable for the operator and convenient for control of the bypass valve in case of upset. The introduction of DSW into the incinerator must be stopped immediately when operating the bypass valve.

2.2. Maximum allowable values of parameters of pollutants in flue gas of DSW incinerator

Under normal operating conditions, maximum allowable values of parameters of pollutants in flue gas of DSW incinerator are calculated by adopting the following formula:

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Where:

- C_max: Maximum allowable value of parameter of pollutant;

- C: Concentration of parameter of pollutant as prescribed in the Schedule 2 of this Regulation;

- K_v: Regional coefficient as prescribed in the Schedule 3 of this Regulation.

Schedule 2. Concentrations (C) of parameters of pollutants in flue gas of DSW incinerator

No.

Parameters of pollutants

Measurement unit

Concentration (C)

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Total particulate matter

mg/Nm³

100

2

Hydrochloric acid, HCl

mg/Nm³

50

3

Carbon monoxide (CO)

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250

4

Sulfur dioxide, SO₂

mg/Nm³

250

5

Nitrogen oxide (NO_x) (expressed as NO₂)

mg/Nm³

500

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Mercury and its compounds (Hg)

mg/Nm³

0.2

7

Cadmium and its compounds (Cd)

mg/Nm³

0.16

8

Lead and its compounds (Pb)

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1.2

9

Total dioxin/furan (PCDD/PCDF)

ngTEQ/Nm³

0.6

Reference content of oxygen in the flue gas is 12%.

Schedule 3. Regional coefficients K_v

Region

Coefficient K_v 

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Special Class urban areas⁽¹⁾ and Class I urban areas⁽¹⁾; specialized forests⁽²⁾; DSW incinerators located in areas below 02 km away from the boundaries of the said areas.

0.6

Region 2

Class II, III, and IV urban areas(1); suburban areas of Special Class areas and Class I areas the distance of which from the boundaries of urban areas are ≥ 02 km; DSW incinerators located in areas below 02 km away from the boundaries of the said areas.

0.8

Region 3

Industrial parks; Class V urban areas⁽¹⁾; suburban areas of Class II, III, and IV urban areas the distance of which from the boundaries of urban areas are ≥ 02 km; DSW incinerators located in areas below 02 km away from the boundaries of the said areas⁽³⁾.

1.0

Region 4

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1.2

Region 5

Mountainous rural areas

1.4

Notes:

 ⁽¹⁾ Urban areas are determined according to the Government’s Decree No. 42/2009/ND-CP dated May 07, 2009 on classification of urban areas.

 ⁽²⁾ Specialized forests are determined according to the Law on Forest Protection and Development dated December 14, 2004, including: national parks, sanctuaries, landscape protection zones, forests serving scientific research and experiments.

 ⁽³⁾ If the distance from the emission source to 02 areas or more is smaller than 02 km, the smallest regional coefficient (K_v) shall apply.

3. REGULATIONS ON OPERATION AND SUPERVISION

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3.1.1. A safe operating procedure for DSW incinerator must be formulated and applied, and consisted of the following contents:

a) A DSW incinerator must be started according to the following steps (except DSW incinerators that operate according to special operating procedures as prescribed by manufacturers and certified by competent authorities to fulfill environmental protection requirements):

- Step 1: Start the flue gas control system;

- Step 2: Start and heat all combustion chambers;

- Step 3: Feed DSW into the DSW incinerator.

b) Operation of a DSW incinerator must end according to the following steps:

- Step 1: Stop feeding DSW into the DSW incinerator;

- Step 2: Stop the flue gas control system when temperature of the secondary combustion chamber falls below 200^oC.

3.1.2. DSW must be controlled before being fed into the DSW incinerator so as not to influence the normal operation of the DSW incinerator; the following types of waste shall not be fed into the DSW incinerator: waste posing risk of explosion; corrosive waste; pesticides and pesticide packaging; waste containing mercury, lead or cadmium at levels higher than those of hazardous waste.

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3.1.4. A log of operation of DSW incineration must be kept and include information about the quantity, up-time and operator’s name, temperatures at locations where temperature meters are installed.

3.2. Supervision of DSW incinerator

3.2.1. Temperature meters must be installed in combustion chambers of a DSW incinerator. With regard to DSW incinerators with a capacity of 500 kg/h or higher, temperature meters must be installed behind the cooling equipment so as to measure temperatures of the flue gas.

3.2.2. Periodic inspection of DSW incinerators for compliance with environmental protection requirements shall be conducted in accordance with applicable regulations and at the request of environment regulatory agencies.

4. DETERMINATION METHOD

4.1. Methods for sampling and determination of values of parameters of pollutants are provided in the standards mentioned in the following Schedule 4.

Schedule 4. Sampling and determination methods

No.

Parameter

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1

Total particulate matter

- TCVN 5977:2009 - Stationary source emissions – Manual determination of mass concentration of particulate matter

- EPA 5 - Determination of particulate matter emissions from stationary sources.

2

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

- TCVN 7244:2003 - Health care solid waste incinerators - Determination method of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration in flue gas.

- EPA 26 - Determination of hydrochloric acid emissions from stationary sources.

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- TCVN 7242:2003 - Health care solid waste incinerators - Determination method of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in flue gas.

- EPA 10 - Determination of carbon monoxide emissions from stationary sources.

4

Sulfur dioxide, SO₂

- TCVN 6750:2005 - Stationary source emissions – Determination of mass concentration of sulfur dioxide - Ion chromatography method.

- EPA 6 - Determination of sulfur dioxide emissions from stationary sources.

- TCVN 6750:2005 - Stationary source emissions – Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) - Performance characteristics of automated measuring methods.

5

Nitrogen oxide (NO_x) (as NO₂)

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- EPA 7 - Determination of nitrogen oxide emissions from stationary sources.

6

Mercury and its compounds (Hg)

- TCVN 7557-2:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerators - Determination of heavy metals in flue gas – Part 2: Determination of mercury concentrations by cold vapour atomic absorption method.

- TCVN 7557-1:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerators - Determination of heavy metals in flue gas – Part 3: Determination of cadmium and lead concentrations by flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method.  <0}

- EPA 29 - Determination of metals emissions from stationary sources.

- EPA 12 - Determination of inorganic lead emissions from stationary sources.

7

Cadmium and its compounds (Cd)

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Lead and its compounds (Pb)

9

Total dioxin/furan (PCDD/PCDF)

- TCVN 7556-1: 2005 - Health care solid waste incinerator - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs - Part 1: Sampling.

- TCVN 7556-2: 2005 - Health care solid waste incinerator - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs - Part 2: Extraction and clean-up.

- TCVN 7556-3: 2005 - Health care solid waste incinerator - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs - Part 3: Identification and quantification.

4.2. Examination methods which are mentioned in other national and international standards and have their accuracy proved equal to or higher than those mentioned in standards set forth in the Section 4.1 of this Regulation shall be accepted.

5. IMPLEMENTION

5.1. DSW incinerators that have been established and operating before the date of entry into force of this Regulation shall be exempted from the compliance with provisions in Section 2.2 herein for 06 months and other provisions of this Regulation for 03 years as from the date of entry into force of this Regulation.

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5.3. Environment regulatory agencies shall be responsible for instructing and inspecting and the implementation of this Regulation.

5.4. In case national standards referred to in this Regulation are amended or replaced, the new ones shall apply. /.

APPENDIX

GUIDANCE ON DETERMINATION OF VALUES OF CERTAIN TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE INCINERATORS
(Enclosed with QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT – National technical regulation on domestic solid waste incinerators)

1. Determination of volume of primary combustion chamber

Volume of the primary combustion chamber is calculated by adopting the following formula:

Or:

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Where:

- V_sc: Volume of the primary combustion chamber (m³);

- C_tk: Design capacity of the DSW incinerator (kg/h);

- Q: Low heating value of DSW (kcal/kg) (the heating value of DSW classified as waste of 30% moisture content shall be 1,200 kcal/kg – 1,700 kcal/kg);

- q: Volumetric heat release rate of the combustion chamber (kcal/m³h) (the volumetric heat release rate of the combustion chamber of a DSW incinerator with uninterrupted operation shall be 80,000 kcal/m³h – 150,000 kcal/m³h).

2. Determination of volume of secondary combustion chamber

Volume of the secondary combustion chamber is calculated by adopting the following formula:

V_{tc =} t_tk x Q

Where:

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- t_tk: Design retention time (≥ 2s);

- Q: The volumetric air flow in the secondary combustion chamber (m³/s).
3. Determination of actual capacity of DSW incinerator

Actual capacity of a DSW incinerator may vary with its design capacity and change depending on characteristics of each type of waste fed into the DSW incinerator. Actual design is calculated by adopting the following formula:

3.1. In case of availability of heating value of DSW

In case of availability of heating value of DSW, actual capacity (S) of the DSW incinerator shall be calculated by adopting the following formula:

Where:

- S: Actual capacity of DSW incinerator (kg/h); - V_sc: Volume of the primary combustion chamber (m³);

- q: Volumetric heat release rate of the combustion chamber (kcal/m³h);

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3.2. Calculation of actual capacity based on operating status of DSW incinerator

4. Determination of actual retention time

In case of unavailability of measurement method with high accuracy such as measurement of moving time of materials (particulate matters) indicated in the secondary combustion chamber, actual retention time of DSW incinerator shall be calculated by adopting the following formula:

Where:

- t: Actual retention time (s);

- V_tc: Actual volume of the secondary combustion chamber (m³);

- Q: Volumetric air flow in the secondary combustion chamber (m³/s). Q may be extrapolated based on the flow of flue gas measured at the sampling porthole on the chimney or the flow of exhaust fan behind the secondary combustion chamber.