Tiếng Việt| THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE | SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM |
| No. 59-BTC/TCT/CS | Hanoi, November 2, 1991 |
Pursuant to Decision No. 472-NQ-HDNN8 of the State Council dated 10 September 1991 on amendments of and additions to the tax rates applicable in respect of a number of business areas and types of goods referred to in the tax laws: Law on Turnover Tax, Law on Special Sales Tax and Decree No. 325-HDBT of the Council of Ministers dated 19 October 1991 making detailed provision for implementation of the above decision.
The Ministry of Finance provides guidance and makes detailed provisions for implementation as follows:
1. Where a factory produces and sells clinker to another factory the turnover tax shall be five per cent of the total sale. In the event that the clinker is not sold to another factory but is used to produce cement then tax on turnover of cement shall be collected.
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3. Printing and publishing of all types of books and magazines:
3.1 A turnover tax rate of zero per cent shall apply in respect of the printing and publishing of all types of books on politics, textbooks, books on science and technology, books for children (economics and foreign languages), special magazines for professions, photographs of leaders, people's daily newspapers, the People's Army newspaper, youth newspapers, children's newspapers, and books and newspapers printed in the languages of minorities.
3.2 A turnover of tax rate of one per cent shall apply in respect of the printing and publishing of other types of books and newspapers including recording of musical cassettes, video tapes, discs for political music programs, national tuition, and film production, development and printing.
3.3 A turnover tax rate of four per cent shall apply in respect of the printing and publishing of the following: cultural materials such as calendars, pictures, postcards; trademark labels; other printing materials such as all types of advertisements, forms, vouchers, documents, lottery ickets; other activities of the printing and publishing profession such as cutting, lining, making and repairing printing plates.
4. A turnover tax rate of six per cent shall apply to all products referred to in this section which are processed from raw materials into finished products. This turnover tax rate shall apply to the sum paid by customers which shall reflect the expenses incurred in their production including total wages, fuel, power, depreciation of machinery and any disbursements.
5. A turnover tax rate of one per cent shall apply to the production of breeding animals such as buffalo, cattle, pigs, goats, sheep and poultry such as hens, roosters, ducks, perching ducks and geese. This tax rate shall apply to the turnover upon sale after breeding.
6. A turnover tax rate of one per cent shall apply to the production of moulds or machinery for use in production using raw materials and other materials such as iron, wood, plastic and rubber to serve the various economic sectors: for example tools and implements used for agriculture, fishing, timber, salt production, and accessories and spare parts for production tools and implements.
7. The turnover tax rate applicable to the commerce branch shall apply to the purchase or sale of fixed assets by a manufacturer.
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1. A turnover tax rate of one per cent shall apply to essential goods produced domestically or imported as follows:
- sale of foods, vegetables, fresh and raw foods (except canned foods);
- sale of pharmaceutical products for human consumption or for treatment of animals and poultry, including western and oriental drugs;
- sale of liquid foods, and materials used for producing energy (except petrol);
- sale of raw materials, other materials, technical materials, fertilizers, pesticide, second hand materials and products; and
- sale of machinery, equipment, accessories, transport vehicles (except passenger cars which have fifteen (15) seats or less, bicycles and motorbikes) experimental, medical and educational instruments (for teaching and practice), children's toys, young plants, seedlings,
seeds and young breeding animals.
2. A turnover tax rate of two per cent shall apply to goods produced domestically (except the goods specifically referred to in sub-clause 1 above).
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In particular:
- sale of beer: ten (10) per cent;
- sale of cosmetics, videos, petrol: eight per cent; and
- sale of motor vehicles with fifteen seats or less, televisions,
motorbikes, canned foods, soft drinks: six per cent.
4. A turnover tax rate of two per cent and an income tax rate of three per cent (in total five per cent) shall apply to the business of trade in lots. The amount of tax to be paid shall be calculated on the value of each lot of goods according to their market price at the place of loading. Where a declaration of tax is not made at the place of loading then the value of goods for the purpose of calculating tax to be paid shall be the price of the goods at the unloading place or the place where the goods are discovered or sold.
5. A turnover tax rate of twelve (12) per cent shall apply to the activities of wholesale agencies which are authorized by other persons to sell goods on their behalf pursuant to clause B-I-4 of Circular No. 45-TC-TCT of the Ministry of Finance dated 4 October 1990. The turnover tax shall be calculated on the commission received. If the requirements are not satisfied then the turnover tax rate shall apply to the turnover of the goods sold.
6. Turnover tax in respect of trading businesses shall be calculated on the basis of either:
- the sale price of goods; or
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The calculation of turnover tax based on the difference between the sale price and purchase price of goods shall apply to a shop selling goods (except in the case of trade in lots) which keeps proper books of account and vouchers accepted by the tax office.
6.1. The tax rates applicable to each group of goods is as follows:
- purchase and sale of all types of salt: four per cent;
- publication of books and magazines: four per cent;
- purchase and sale of primary products, sea products, vegetables and fruits, fresh and raw foods: ten (10) per cent;
- purchase and sale of alcohol, beer, electrical goods, refrigerators, air-conditioners, motor-cycles, motor vehicles with fifteen (15) seats or less, cosmetics, petrol: sixteen (16) per cent;
- purchase and sale of gold, silver, precious stones: fifteen (15) per cent; and
- purchase and sale of other goods: fourteen (14) per cent.
6.2 The conditions which apply to the calculation of turnover tax on the basis of the difference between sales and purchase prices are as follows:
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(b) Tax payers shall maintain a system of vouchers and document keeping in accordance with the provisions of the Decision No. 54-TC-TCT of the Ministry of Finance dated 20 February 1991. Orders shall be required for the purchase of goods. Invoices shall be issued upon sale of goods. Orders and invoices shall be in the standard forms issued by the Ministry of Finance or in forms acceptable to the Ministry of Finance.
(c) Tax payers who pay turnover tax on the difference between the sale price and purchase price shall register with the tax office(according to the form attached to this Circular).
(d) Tax payers shall obtain approval from the Taxation Department or tax office directly responsible for the collection of turnover tax, for the turnover tax to be collected on the basis of the difference between the sale price and purchase price of goods.
After receiving approval from the tax office for turnover tax to be calculated on the basis of the difference between the sale price and purchase price of goods, the tax payer shall ensure that the calculation takes place in accordance with the stipulated provisions. If the provisions are breached then the tax payer shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions in force at the time.
6.3 Calculation of the difference between the sale price and purchase price of goods:
(a) Formula for calculation of the difference:
The difference
=
actual total sale price during the period of calculation
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actual total purchase price during the period of calculation
- purchase price means the actual price paid to the seller and recorded in the invoice of the seller or in the delivery note of the goods (excluding transport fees, loading, unloading and packing
expenses).
- sale price means the actual sale price stated in the invoice of the seller.
- the difference between sale price and purchase price of goods shall include:
+ transport expenses: transport, loading and unloading during trading;
+ management expenses: salaries, depreciation and other expenses;
+ and revenue received during trading.
(b) Determination of the difference according to the books of account:
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In order specifically to monitor every activity, account 40 shall be divided into five sub-accounts:
- Sub-account 401 for principal production and business activity.
- Sub-account 402 for auxiliary production and business activity.
- Sub-account 403 for joint venture activity.
- Sub-account 404 for finance transactions.
- Sub-account 405 for other transactions.
The calculation of the difference is demonstrated in the following example:
In accordance with the example in the above diagram the specific calculation of the actual difference as the basis for determination of the tax to be paid by the tax payer is as follows:
1. Sale figure (50 + 100 + 10) = 160 million
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3. Difference (1 - 2) = 40 million
4. Tax to be paid = 14% of 40 million = 5.6 million
(c) Books of account and inspection of books of account:
Depending on the nature of its business the tax payer shall comply with the accounting standards relating to daily transactions journals, ledgers and other journals. In order to determine the actual sale price and purchase price a detailed book for account 40 shall be maintained in which entries are made recording sales and results. The purchase price of goods for sale shall be determined first.
The value of materials and goods calculated in the accounts shall reflect their actual value. In reality, the materials and goods of the tax payers will be purchased from many sources, on many occasions and for different actual prices. Due to this the business units shall adopt methods for determining the purchase price of their goods inaccordance with the nature of their business and the level of skill of its management. The value of the purchase price of goods for sale shall be based on the actual sale price, a previous sale price or the average sale price of previous sales. In reality however, many trading businesses use the calculation price.
The calculation price of materials and goods means a standard price fixed within the business and which is used consistently throughout the period of calculation or for one year. The calculation price may be the budgeted price, or price fixed by the State for the sale or purchase of materials.
The quantity of materials and goods to be credited or debited in a detailed account (in vouchers, detailed books, and record of goods received and delivered) shall be valued according to their calculation price. The accounting method to be used in order to adjust the value of materials and goods in accordance with actual price is as follows:
The value of materials and goods leaving the warehouse according to actual price
=
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x
The ratio of the actual price to the account price
The ratio between the actual price and the calculation price
=
The actual price of the stock of materials and goods at the start of the period of calculation
+
The actual price of materials and goods added to stock during the period
The calculation price of materials and goods in stock at the beginning of the period of calculation
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The calculation price of materials and goods added to stock during the period
The ratio of materials and goods may be calculated for each group of goods or each item of goods and materials.
Where tax payers adopt the method of keeping a book of vouchers the calculations relating to goods, their sale and purchases of them for the business shall be recorded in the following detailed lists and books:
List No. 8: total additions to and decreases of stock and the balance remaining
List No. 9: costs of goods sold
List No. 10: goods delivered for sale (Account 25)
List No. 11: payments received from the purchaser (Account 61)
Detailed book No. 3: sales and results
Detailed book No. 4: payments from purchasers
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6.4 Monthly payment of provisional turnover tax:
(a) A determination of the ratio of the difference between the sale price and purchase price shall be used as the basis upon which to calculate a provisional payment of turnover tax.
- The actual difference between the purchase price and the sale price for the last three months of the previous year will be used to determine the ratio between the sale price and the purchase price for comparing with the actual turnover in order to calculate provisional tax for the period.
- The actual difference will be determined quarterly and at the end of each year in order to determine the amount of tax to be paid.
For example where goods were sold in the previous period to a value of one hundred and sixty (160) million:
Value of the purchase price for sale is one hundred and twenty (120) million.
The differential ratio between sale price and purchase price
=
160 - 120
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100%
=
25 %
160
In the event that the composition of goods in the group changes the above ratio shall be adjusted accordingly.
(b) Calculation of provisional turnover tax to be paid during the tax period.
The basis upon which turnover tax shall be calculated on turnover during the tax period and tax rate to be applied in respect of each group of goods in order to calculate the provisional tax payable shall be that contained in the following formula:
Provisional tax
=
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x
new ratio or ratio in the previous period
x
tax rate
In the example referred to above the monthly turnover of goods is $60 million and the tax rate 14%
Provisional tax payment = 25% x 14% x 60 million = 2,1 million
6.5 Calculation of tax paid quarterly and yearly:
(a) The determination of tax paid shall be based on the quarterly calculation of the tax payer (as shown in clause 6.3)
(b) Calculation of additional tax to be paid or refunded:
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=
Total tax to be paid in accordance with the calculation
-
Total provisional tax paid
1. A turnover tax rate of half of one (0.5) per cent shall be applied to the turnover resulting from the sale of foreign currency by foreign currency trading businesses. Where the turnover of a production business is in foreign currency and that production business converts its foreign currency into Vietnamese currency, such conversion shall not be subject to payment of turnover tax.
2. A turnover tax of one per cent shall apply to turnover resulting from the use of public funds for public service activities such as: water supply; city lighting; parks; the provision of parking facilities for bicycles, motorbikes and motor vehicles; the creation of sculptures in public places, and parks; and cultural restoration and arts projects.
3. A tax rate of fifteen (15) per cent shall apply to turnover resulting from the activities of intermediaries such as export and import agents, property agents, capital construction agents, transport of goods and passengers agents, shipping agents, finance brokers, and investment brokers.
III. Further instructions on turnover tax
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2. Turnover which results from the leasing of property shall be subject to turnover tax levied on the rent collected, in accordance with the specific tax rates of the service branch set out in the tariff.
A person who carries on a business of leased premises shall pay tax in accordance with his type of business.
3. Turnover from purchase and sale of premises shall be subject to turnover tax at a rate of two per cent. If the premises are built and sold by the tax payer turnover tax shall be levied in accordance with the branch of construction at a rate of three per cent on turnover.
4. Where the purchaser makes payment to the seller in the form of materials or goods and the sellers (including exporters) pay turnover tax on the turnover of sale then upon those materials and goods being sold then they shall pay turnover tax on the turnover.
5. The following activities shall, in accordance with clause 3 of article 18 of the Law on Turnover Tax, for the time being not be subject to turnover tax:
- Repairs to, and maintenance of streets, bridges, dykes, and dams by public funds provided by the State;
- Geological exploration; and
- Distributing of books and magazines where, at the stage of printing and publishing, they are exempted from turnover tax.
6. Turnover tax in respect of enterprises with foreign owned capital and foreign parties to contractual business co-operation pursuant to the Law on Foreign Investment in Vietnam shall be levied in accordance with the Circular No. 55-TC-TCT of the Ministry of Finance dated 1 October 1991.
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1. Additional details in respect of the application of this tax rate are as follows:
(a) Cigarettes: rates of tax shall be determined in relation to shredded tobacco. Filter cigarettes produced using local shredded tobacco shall be subject to a rate applicable to locally manufactured cigarettes.
(b) Alcohol of all types including clear alcohol, alcohol made from fruit and fortified spirits.
- liquor with an alcohol content of over 40 degrees proof: tax rate of 50%
- liquor with an alcohol content between 30 to 40 degrees proof: tax rate of 40%;
- liquor with an alcohol content less than 30 degrees proof including alcohol made from fruit and medicinal alcohol the manufacture of which requires a licence to be issued by a medical authority and alcohol made from sugar: tax rate of 20%; and
Tax on alcohol levied in accordance with the provisions contained in article 7 of the Law on Special Sales Tax and article 5 of Decree No. 352-HDBT shall be levied on the basis of the sale price as sold by the manufacturer (including bottles, corks, bags, and labels).
2. The tax rate to be applied in respect of alcohol and cigarettes as stated in Circular No. 43-TC-TCT-CS of the Ministry of Finance dated 13 August 1991 shall apply from 1 July 1991 to the end of 30 September 1991. Manufacturers who pay the special sales tax during this period in accordance with the above tax rates shall at the end of the year not be required to pay additional tax.
From 1 October 1991 the tax rate stated in Decision No. 472-NQ-HDNN8 of the State Council dated 10 September 1991 and the provisions of this Circular shall apply.
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Where special sales tax is paid in respect of the revenue earned by a new factory or assembly line during its trial period and as a result losses are incurred the Minister of Finance shall give consideration to reducing the special sales tax based on the specific circumstances and subject to an application submitted by the taxpayer and to the proposal of the Tax Department of the province or city concerned.
The duration of a tax reduction shall not exceed one year.
The reduction of special sales tax shall be in a sum equivalent to the loss suffered, provided that sum does not exceed fifty (50) per cent of the special sales tax due.
C. DATE OF EFFECT AND IMPLEMENTATION
1. This Circular shall be of full force and effect as of 1 October 1991.
Any previous provisions of the Ministry of Finance on turnover tax and special sales tax which are inconsistent with this Circular are hereby repealed.
2. The localities concerned shall report any difficulties or inquiries arising out of the implementation of this Circular to the Ministry of Finance for its examination and guidance.
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